The board regulates of the practice of medicine in Oregon. The agency  licenses and regulates medical doctors (MD), doctors of osteopathic medicine (DO), doctors of podiatric medicine (DPM), physician assistants (PA) and acupuncturists (LAc).

The 14-member board includes physicians, a physician assistant, and three members of the public. The board sets qualifications for licensure and grants licenses to applicants who meet those requirements. It investigates complaints and disciplines licensees who violate state law (the Medical Practice Act). The board also supports rehabilitation and education for licensees in an effort to promote access to quality care for all Oregonians. The board oversees more than 23,000 licensees and is staffed with 41 employees.​